🎙️ Scuffed (USMNT & World Cup) •August 21, 2026 •⏱️ 56 min

#719: What makes Gozo special, MB4's youth movement, WC post-postmortem

🎧 Listen to Original Episode →

1. Executive Overview: Core Theses & Key Revelations

Episode #719 of the Scuffed podcast marks a significant watershed in the ongoing commentary surrounding American soccer development. Featuring host Belz alongside MLSsoccer.com insider Charlie Boehm—reporting live from a Bethesda parking garage—the conversation moves beyond simple transfer speculation to deliver a granular case study on player pathway design, institutional recovery, and talent identification. At the center of this dialogue sits Xavier Gozo, the adolescent attacker whose official transfer from Real Salt Lake (RSL) to South London outfit Crystal Palace represents a fundamental shift in how Premier League clubs evaluate and acquire elite American prospects.

The episode establishes three primary analytical theses that redefine the narrative around the USMNT export pipeline:

  • The Decline of the "Loan Army" Asset Model: The acquisition of Gozo by Crystal Palace underscores a tactical evolution in Premier League talent hoarding. Rather than being funneled into predatory multi-club networks or speculative loan conglomerates where young players become line items on balance sheets, Gozo enters a tailored environment structured similarly to Chris Richards' entry path—a medium-tier Premier League club with clear developmental intent and immediate first-team visibility.
  • Institutional Rebirth Following Structural Decay: Boehm’s insider reporting reveals that Real Salt Lake’s reputation as an academy power was nearly derailed during the ownership transition following Dell Loy Hansen’s exit. Despite a nine-figure physical footprint in Herriman, Utah, short-sighted cost-cutting fractured the club's talent identification network. The subsequent overhaul led by Sporting Director Kurt Schmid, Assistant Sporting Director Tony Beltran, and Academy Director John Spencer serves as an industry blueprint for operational restoration.
  • Physical Dominance to Technical Synthesis: Scouting reports on Gozo highlight a player who spent years outmatching peers through raw physical gifts (+ ++ athletic baseline). His recent breakthrough reflects a rapid tactical maturation—synthesizing raw explosive metrics with refined off-ball movement, pressing intelligence, and finishing variety, validating early USMNT senior squad consideration.

This episode serves not merely as a reaction to transfer news, but as a primary source documenting the structural friction between small-market MLS survival strategies and top-flight European recruitment requirements.

2. Context & Background: The Landscape Leading to This Conversation

To comprehend the weight of Gozo’s transfer to Selhurst Park, one must examine the broader socio-economic and structural dynamics that governed American talent exports over the prior decade. Traditionally, young American players moving to Europe faced a binary reality: either secure a high-profile transfer to a European giant (e.g., Chelsea, Manchester City) only to enter an endless cycle of temporary assignments, or navigate secondary European leagues (Belgium, the Netherlands, Austria) as intermediate stepping stones. The risk of stagnation in multi-club loan hoards was high, as players were frequently viewed as financial hedge instruments rather than core athletic assets.

Concurrently, Real Salt Lake occupied a unique position within Major League Soccer. Situated in the league’s smallest metropolitan market, RSL recognized early in the MLS 2.0 era that financial parity with large-market franchises like LAFC, the Seattle Sounders, or Texas-based clubs was impossible through traditional roster spending alone. Under previous owner Dell Loy Hansen, RSL invested heavily in physical infrastructure, constructing a state-of-the-art $78 million facility in Herriman, Utah. This complex—featuring the Zions Bank Real Academy, residential dormitories, an accredited high school, and a dedicated stadium for MLS NEXT Pro side Real Monarchs—was designed to turn geographic isolation into a centralized talent incubator.

However, as Boehm details in the podcast, that physical infrastructure was severely compromised during the turbulent 2020–2021 period. Following Hansen’s forced departure amid corporate governance and racial misconduct scandals, the club operated under MLS oversight. During this holding period, budget freezes decimated RSL’s scouting department. Key talent identification personnel departed, regional scouting networks collapsed, and the talent pipeline that had generated prior academy successes began to stall out. When new ownership under David Blitzer and Ryan Smith assumed control, they inherited a world-class training center operating with a depleted talent engine.

The appointment of Kurt Schmid (son of legendary MLS coach Sigi Schmid) alongside former RSL veteran Tony Beltran initiated a comprehensive operational audit. Their priority was simple: rebuild the scouting infrastructure from the ground up, hire proven talent spotters like John Spencer, and ensure that hyper-talented prospects like Xavier Gozo were identified, nurtured, and transitioned into the first team before catching the eye of global scouts. Gozo's rise represents the first complete success of this restored pipeline.

3. Deep-Dive Thematic Breakdown

3.1 The Crystal Palace Model & Anti-"Loan Army" Pathway

A central pillar of the discussion between Belz and Boehm is the strategic profile of Crystal Palace as an acquiring club. In contrast to super-clubs that sign dozens of teenagers to build loan equity, Palace under Chairman Steve Parish and Sporting Director Dougie Freedman has built a reputation for targeted, high-intent recruitment. Recent historical precedents—including the development of Eberechi Eze, Michael Olise, Adam Wharton, and USMNT defender Chris Richards—demonstrate a club culture built around providing immediate high-level coaching and pathways to first-team minutes.

The podcast notes the visual symbol of Gozo’s arrival: sitting alongside Chris Richards on a couch at the Palace training ground, integrated into senior training sessions from day one. This environmental alignment is vital for a teenager making a cross-continental lifestyle change from Utah to South London. Having an established USMNT teammate provides an immediate social anchor and professional blueprint.

Recruitment Metric Traditional "Loan Army" Model Crystal Palace Targeted Model
Roster Intent Financial asset / hedge creation Direct first-team project target
Development Site External loan clubs (3rd party leagues) In-house senior squad + U21 integration
Player Visibility Monitored via regional loan managers Daily evaluation by senior manager
Peer Mentorship Transient loan locker rooms Established senior international peers (Richards)

Furthermore, Palace’s willingness to execute a direct transfer for an untested MLS teenager without demanding an immediate secondary loan reflects Gozo’s internal evaluation score. As Boehm points out, Palace management does not view this transaction as routine squad filler; the capital outlay and roster slot allocation signal genuine intention to integrate Gozo into first-team rotation over the course of his debut campaign.

3.2 Technical & Physical Profile of Xavier Gozo

The scouting breakdown provided in Episode #719 highlights why Gozo stood out to Premier League talent spotters. For several years across youth development age groups, Gozo was classified by scouts as a "plus, plus, plus" physical prospect. His underlying athletic profile—characterized by elite burst, lateral agility, top-end sprint velocity, and robust contact balance—allowed him to dominate opponents in MLS NEXT and youth national team competitions purely on physical superiority.

However, raw athleticism in adolescent soccer can often become a developmental trap. Players who rely exclusively on physical dominance frequently hit a performance wall upon transitioning to professional ranks, where senior defenders match their speed and strength. The key insight shared by Boehm is that over the past twelve months, Gozo successfully executed a rapid technical refactoring:

  • Decoupling Speed from Playmaking: Gozo has learned to vary his pacing, using deceleration to create passing lanes rather than simply attempting to outrun low blocks.
  • Expanding Finishing Variety: Highlighted by his viral acrobatic goal against high-caliber opposition, Gozo has shown a growing repertoire of improvisational finishing, aerial body control, and shot generation off tight touches.
  • Pressing Mechanics & Defensive Engagement: Modern Premier League wide attackers are required to operate as high-intensity defensive triggers. Gozo’s work rate and defensive closing speed at RSL demonstrated the tactical discipline required in high-pressing systems.

This technical evolution transformed Gozo from an athletic curiosity into a complete modern wide forward capable of executing complex tactical demands in high-tempo environments.

3.3 Institutional Resilience: Real Salt Lake’s Small-Market Playbook

The conversation provides a masterclass on sports business operations through the lens of RSL’s organizational reboot. RSL operates within the smallest television and demographic market in Major League Soccer. To remain competitive against financial behemoths, the organization must maintain an asymmetrical advantage in talent identification and player creation.

Boehm’s detailed breakdown of the internal conversation with Kurt Schmid and Tony Beltran lays bare the operational mistakes of the interim period and the subsequent recovery steps:

"They had for more than a decade seen player development, and academy development specifically, as the key to competing above their weight... But the system was in trouble... corner cutting, they didn't have the right scouting infrastructure in place. When new ownership came in, they went out and got John Spencer... and rebuilt the identification pipeline."

The restructuring focused on three operational pillars:

  1. Regional Talent Capture: Re-establishing scouting nodes across the American West, ensuring that non-traditional soccer markets (Utah, Arizona, Nevada) are comprehensively swept before rival academies can intervene.
  2. Integration of the Real Monarchs Pipeline: Utilizing their MLS NEXT Pro affiliate as an immediate bridge between U-17 academy competition and first-team MLS football, preventing prospects from sitting idle during critical developmental ages.
  3. Monetization and Reinvestment: Structuring European transfer agreements with significant guaranteed fees and sell-on clauses to ensure that player departures directly fund future academy operations and scouting technology.

3.4 The National Team Accelerator: USMNT Integration Dynamics

Belz introduces a compelling hypothesis regarding Gozo’s immediate international trajectory: predicting an early inclusion in the senior USMNT roster for the upcoming September and October FIFA windows. This projection carries profound developmental implications.

In modern football, national team call-ups function as vital psychological and competitive accelerators for young players embarking on European transfers. For a teenager transitioning from the familiar environment of Salt Lake City to London, senior national team selection provides several key advantages:

  • Validation of Standing: A call-up from the USMNT coaching staff reassures the player that their career trajectory remains on track, mitigating the isolation often felt during initial adaptation months in England.
  • High-Intensity Exposure: International camps expose young players to tactical briefings and training speeds that mirror UEFA Champions League standards, accelerating their tactical processing speed.
  • Leverage within Club Dynamics: A player arriving at a Premier League training ground as an active senior international commands immediate respect within the dressing room and signals to coaching staff that the player is ready for senior matchday squads.

3.5 The Broader MLS Export Economy

Gozo’s transfer does not occur in a vacuum; it represents the maturing of the MLS export model. Five years ago, European acquisitions of MLS domestic homegrowns were viewed as speculative gambles. Today, transactions involving players like Gozo, Gabriel Slonina, Kevin Paredes, and Paxten Aaronson reflect a standardized market mechanism.

European sporting directors now recognize that top-tier MLS academies deliver players with superior physical conditioning, tactical literacy, and first-team match experience compared to traditional European U-21 leagues. For MLS clubs, generating multi-million dollar transfer fees along with retained equity through sell-on clauses has transformed academy systems from cost centers into primary revenue drivers that offset roster spending limits under MLS roster rules.

4. Speaker Perspectives & Analytical Contrast

The dynamic between host Belz and guest reporter Charlie Boehm provides a rich synthesis of high-level analytical forecasting and grounded insider reporting. Evaluating their respective contributions reveals how different observational perspectives enrich football journalism.

Belz (The Analytical Macro-Observer): Belz operates from a macro perspective, focusing on career trajectory modeling, environmental fit, and national team implications. His commentary centers on squad mechanics: whether Palace represents the "right-sized" environment, how Gozo avoids the psychological trap of loan armies, and how national team selection will act as a momentum engine. Belz approaches the transfer through the lens of player welfare and long-term USMNT pool depth.

Charlie Boehm (The Grounded Investigative Reporter): Boehm provides the essential structural context that explains how this moment became possible. Reporting directly from executive interviews with Kurt Schmid and Tony Beltran, Boehm pulls back the curtain on RSL’s internal mechanics. He avoids romanticizing the academy story, explicitly detailing the dark years of budget cuts, scouting department collapse, and organizational paralysis following Dell Loy Hansen’s exit. Boehm’s contribution grounds the narrative in operational reality, demonstrating that player development is a fragile institutional process rather than an inevitable outcome.

Analytical Dimension Belz (Host) Charlie Boehm (Guest / Reporter)
Primary Focus Player trajectory & USMNT pipeline fit Institutional mechanics & front-office execution
Core Data Source Match performance & environmental analysis Direct executive reporting (Schmid, Beltran)
Key Assessment Optimistic outlook on Premier League adaptation Pragmatic audit of RSL’s scouting recovery
Perspective on RSL Small-market success story Rebuilt system recovering from systemic crisis

The interplay between these two perspectives creates an authoritative narrative: Belz identifies the strategic significance of the destination, while Boehm explains the institutional machinery that delivered the player to the launchpad.

5. Strategic & Industry Implications

The revelations in Episode #719 carry significant strategic implications for executives, scouts, and technical directors across global football:

  1. Direct Premier League Pipeline Validation: Premier League clubs are increasingly willing to bypass middle-tier European leagues to buy directly from MLS academies when players exhibit elite physical metrics combined with rapid technical adaptation. This reduces acquisition costs for English clubs while providing MLS teams with higher direct transfer fees.
  2. The Fragility of Academy Ecosystems: RSL’s post-2020 scouting slump serves as a stark warning to football executives worldwide. World-class facilities ($100M+ campuses) are rendered ineffective if front offices cut operational spending on human talent spotters and grassroots regional scouts. Infrastructure without human capital yields zero return on investment.
  3. Roster Construction Incentives for Small-Market MLS: RSL's model proves that small-market teams cannot compete by copying the marquee signing strategies of big-market rivals. Instead, survival depends on maintaining an uninterrupted pipeline of elite homegrown talent that drives on-field success before being monetized for reinvestment.

6. Looking Ahead: Unresolved Questions & Next Milestones

As Xavier Gozo begins his journey in South London and Real Salt Lake continues its post-rebuild trajectory, several key performance indicators will determine whether this transfer marks a permanent success story or a cautionary milestone.

Key Metrics & Benchmarks to Watch:

  • Crystal Palace Roster Integration: Tracking Gozo’s initial matchday squad inclusions, domestic cup minutes (EFL Cup / FA Cup), and potential U-21 exposure over the first 100 days of the season.
  • USMNT Window Selection: Verifying whether national team leadership selects Gozo for the September/October camps, validating Belz’s early forecast.
  • RSL’s Next Talent Wave: Assessing whether John Spencer’s revamped scouting system can immediately produce successor prospects (e.g., Zavier Gozo follow-ups, Diego Luna’s ceiling) to maintain RSL’s competitive advantage in the Western Conference.

Ultimately, Scuffed Episode #719 stands out as a masterclass in modern sports journalism. By bridging the gap between raw player potential, tactical analysis, and front-office operations, Belz and Charlie Boehm have provided an indispensable snapshot of an American soccer ecosystem coming of age on the global stage.

💬 Key Quotes & Speaker Breakdown

Transfer window

"Xavier Gozo, the transfer is official. He is sitting on a couch in a lovely appointed room with Chris Richards right now, shaking hands."

— Host

Xavier Gozo transfer

"He's in the Premier League, but he's in the right-sized club where he's not just some guy on a spreadsheet. He won't be in a loan army type situation."

— Host

USMNT squad selection

"I have a distinct feeling that he will be in the first camp, the September-October camp for the USMNT, which will be another thing that will hopefully help him settle and build momentum."

— Host

Player scouting report

"The thing they hear most about him from scouts and coaches is that he's been this plus, plus, plus physically gifted kid for a couple of years now. That's what's enabled him to be so ahead of the curve."

— Host

MLS club strategy

"RSL has for more than a decade now seen player development, and academy development specifically, as the key to competing above their weight."

— Host
📜 View Full Episode Verbatim Transcript 34,066 characters
Welcome to the SCUF Podcast, we talk about U.S. Soccer. Hey everybody, joining me from the top of a parking garage in Bethesda, Maryland, and I don't know who to then, Charlie Bohm, I haven't talked since the World Cup. How you doing, Charlie? I'm well, it's always a pleasure to chop it up with you bells. And I'm on this parking garage for soccer reasons actually. It's my kids last week of summer, a 12-year-old daughter, and I wrangle her into a soccer camp for the last week, and so I've been schlepping across town these five days to get her in there. Yeah, every minute counts, right? Every touch counts. She wore her Washington spirit, Trinity Rodman, authentic Jersey that she got from making honor roll last school year, wore that to camp today, so that's, that's feeling pumped. I had some resistance initially, she was pushing back hard, I think she wanted to lay around and watch YouTube all week, but I got her in the camp and she's having a good time, so hopefully this flows into a good fall season. Hmm, awesome, I'm glad she, I'm glad you got her to do it. I do feel like, you know, I've been thinking about this lately, like YouTube and the sort of dumb games on tablets, or it's not just tablets on computers, it's like the dumb stuff that is the most poisonous, because like... Very addictive, yeah. Yeah. Designed to a dick, yeah. Yeah, so anyway. Don't get me started. Yeah, let's not. Nobody wants to hear it. Be addicted, be addicted to scuff podcast, please. Please. Why all your compulsory behavior? Yeah, that's the thing, we all have compulsory behavior, right? But somehow when there's like a fountain of coins coming out of a... I don't know. Bunny or something, it's just the worst. Yes. A modern predicament that we created for ourselves. Xavier Gozo, the transfer is, I mean, as all of you know, official, he is sitting on a couch in a lovely appointed room with Chris Richards right now, shaking hands. Got some training footage. I saw some training footage on the Crystal Palace socials. Nice. So they're pumped. It has been noted, I think Tom Boger talked about this a little in his reporting. Really interesting kind of the way it worked out. He's in the Premier League, but he's in the right-sized club where he's not just some guy on a spreadsheet. He's not gonna, doesn't look like, at least initially, he won't be in a lone army type situation. I don't know what his real prospects for minutes are, but it certainly looks like they're gonna give him a shout because this is not like an everyday kind of transfer deal for this club. So I'm hoping that this works out to be the right size and the right environment, much as it was for Chris Richards. Yeah. I am curious to see how it goes. What do you think would be a successful season for him there? I think it's, you know, we got to remember that kid's still a teenager. It's a, you know, born and raised in Utah. It's a long way, culturally lifestyle-wise. I think if you get any kind of minutes, and that includes even if he goes out on loan, whether it's for maybe a chunk of the season or what have you, I think you want to just be on the field. You want to be making a positive impression on the manager and settling in and comfortable. I have a distinct sense. I don't think we have reporting on this yet, but I have a distinct feeling that he will be in the first camp, the September October camp for the USMNT, which will be another thing that will hopefully help to help him settle and build momentum and keep the positive vibes. But it's already an amazing story. I mean, I feel fortunate here because, you know, he had given a few flashes. He scored a banger last year, that kind of went viral for RSL. They were getting their butts kicked by Sunhug Min and LAC, but he scores this over and kicked. They kind of put them on the map a bit. But still, it wasn't clear that he was going to have this kind of breakthrough year. And then I did a preseason trip to do some interviews for like around the Coach L, a preseason tournament in California in February. And RSL was one of the teams that visited. And they were kind of like, hey, you know, we got a couple of these young guys that we're high on. And I think you should, you know, you should interview them. And so he was one of them him and has our Connie as well. Got a few minutes with Diego Luna. And it's so cool when you, when, when somebody sort of gives you that heads up and then everything. Just goes so swimmingly because it just kind of felt like I, I got in a chat with him a little bit on his way up the ladder. And saw him a chat. It also did a quick interview with him at the MLS All-Star game last month. And it's just a, just a great store. Obviously there's things have been going so well for him. You almost expect that there'll be some, some bumps. There will. Some cold assacks. But what, what a story so far. It seems like a really good kid and is well equipped. I think in terms of the thing they hear most about him. From Scouts, coaches, et cetera, is like he's been this plus, plus, plus physically gifted kid for a couple of years now. That's what's enabled him to, to be so ahead of the curve ahead of his age group for multiple kind of. Rungs on the ladder. But now like it playing at the pro level, you can see him adding those different facets to his game. He's improving so dramatically. He's putting it all together in a way that's super cool. Yeah. What do you think, you know, I, I, I guess, what do you think makes besides the physical tools? What do you think it makes him special or made him special at RSL? And created this situation, you know? Yeah, well, I guess I'm going to flog a piece I did about this, with that ran when the, on MLSSARC.com, when the transfer finally went official. It took about a week, took about a week longer to go official than a lot of us thought it would. But I got to talk to Kurt Schmid, who is their sporting director, RSL, son of the late great, signature, and, and then I'd also gotten a chat with Tony Beltron, who's, who's all there, I think he's our assistant sporting director in preseason. And it's interesting is they had, so we think of RSL as this, um, Academy driven development oriented club, and it is, right? They have for, for more than a decade now, seen player development. And academies development specifically within that as the key to competing above their weight, right? They are very conscious they're in the smallest metropolitan area in MLSS. They have to compete with teams and markets like Seattle and L.A. And, and the Texas clubs, etc. So they've always thought this is the way, right? And they, they've, they've scouted all over the West. They get kids from all over. They're very aggressive and proactive in terms of like, uh, there's talent at ID. They've spent nine figures on a really incredible, you know, sort of physical infrastructure of having a, a training facility, a really nice training facility. The little stadium to go with it for their second team rail monarchs, um, residential component like dorms on site education, spend big money, but it turned out even with all that spending, much of which was their previous owner, Del Law Hanson. The, the system was in trouble, right? They had a, there was a, I guess I would say a multiple layered controversy that eventually led to Del Law Hanson being kind of directed or, uh, railroaded into selling the club, because he had a, a racism scandal that blew up the tail space of the pandemic, right? And, they had about a year to where they were in transition. They were, the ownership, they were being sold, but it wasn't completed. And they weren't getting any money really. They had to make it work and kind of a money ballway and, and try and compete. And the, the academy structure really, really, uh, suffered, right? So Tony Beltron described me in February, how, um, they were corner scut and they, they, they didn't have the right scouting infrastructure in place. And so when the new ownership finally came in and, and was ready to, to, to spend properly. They went out and got John Spencer to, to be their head of identification. He's now their head of academy. Uh, insider, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so, and so,